Pre testicular – Imbalance in the hormones required for production of sperm
Testicular – Defect in the testis due to congenital problem, disease or injury.
Post testicular – Obstruction in the ducts transporting sperms produced in the testis.
Diagnosis:
Semen Analysis
Blood investigation – Testing of hormones like FSH, Prolactin, Serum testosterone
Karyotyping to rule out chromosomal problems.
Ultrasound:
Scrotal Ultrasound
Trans rectal Ultrasound
Testicular biopsy
Treatment:
Medical Management:
GnRH therapy, hCG, hMG in pre testicular cause
Surgical management:
Surgical Anastomotic procedures in obstructive causes
Sperm extraction procedures like TESE, TESA, MESA, PESA in testicular causes
