Introduction
The AMH test is a blood test that measures Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), which helps estimate ovarian reserve (the number of eggs remaining in the ovaries). Low AMH may suggest reduced ovarian reserve, but it does not directly predict whether pregnancy is possible. Doctors use AMH results along with age, ultrasound findings, and other fertility tests to recommend treatments such as ovulation induction, IVF, or fertility preservation like egg freezing.
If you are trying to conceive or planning for a future pregnancy you may have heard about the AMH test. Many women take this test during fertility evaluation, and the results can create confusion, anxiety, or many questions, especially when AMH levels are low.
A common concern is:
“If my AMH is low, does it mean I can’t get pregnant?”
The truth is more nuanced. AMH is an important marker of ovarian reserve, but it is not the only factor that determines fertility. This guide explains what the AMH test measures, what low AMH means, what affects AMH levels, and how doctors use AMH results to guide fertility treatment planning
What Is AHM Test?
The AMH test is a blood test that measures Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), a hormone produced by small follicles in the ovaries. AMH helps doctors estimate ovarian reserve how many eggs may still be available in the ovaries.
AMH is commonly used as part of fertility tests for women, especially in women who:
- Are trying to conceive
- Are over 30 or 35
- Have irregular periods
- Have a history of fertility problems
- Want to consider egg freezing
Are planning IVF treatment
Why Is AMH Important in Fertility?
AMH gives doctors information about:
Estimated egg quantity (ovarian reserve)
How the ovaries may respond to fertility medications
IVF stimulation planning and dose adjustments
Whether fertility preservation may be recommended
However, AMH does not directly measure egg quality, and it does not confirm whether ovulation is happening or if pregnancy is guaranteed.
What Is Considered Low AMH?
AMH levels are interpreted in combination with:
- Age
- Ultrasound findings
- Cycle history
- Other hormone tests
A low AMH result generally indicates reduced ovarian reserve. However, the definition of “low” depends on age and lab reference ranges.
A fertility specialist can help interpret AMH results accurately, as normal levels vary widely.
AMH Levels by Age: Why Age Matters
AMH naturally declines with age because ovarian reserve decreases over time. That is why age is crucial when interpreting AMH values.
For example:
- A lower AMH in a younger woman may still be manageable
- The same value in an older woman may indicate reduced fertility potential
AMH is most valuable when used as part of a complete fertility evaluation.
What Causes Low AMH?
Low AMH can occur due to:
Natural age-related decline
Egg reserve decreases naturally with age.
Genetic factors
Some women have lower ovarian reserve earlier due to genetics.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis may affect ovarian function and reserve.
Ovarian surgery
Surgery on the ovaries may reduce ovarian reserve.
Smoking
Smoking has been associated with faster ovarian decline.
Certain medical treatments
Chemotherapy or radiation can reduce ovarian function and AMH levels.
Does Low AMH Mean You Can’t Get Pregnant?
Many specialists recommend:
- 3–4 IUI cycles for women under 35
- 2–3 IUI cycles for women over 35
If pregnancy does not occur within these cycles, IVF is often recommended because IUI success typically decreases with repeated attempts.
What AMH Does NOT Tell You
AMH results can be misunderstood. AMH does not directly tell you:
Whether you are ovulating
Whether your tubes are open
Whether sperm factors are normal
Whether pregnancy will occur naturally
Whether you will definitely need IVF
That’s why AMH should be interpreted alongside other tests.
Low AMH and Fertility Treatment Options
Treatment recommendations depend on age, AMH level, and diagnosis.
1. Ovulation Induction (If Ovulation Is Irregular)
If low AMH is combined with irregular ovulation, doctors may recommend ovulation induction to support predictable ovulation and timing.
2. IUI Treatment (In Selected Cases)
IUI may be recommended when:
- Low AMH is mild or moderate
- Age is younger
- Tubes are open
- Male factors are mild
- Ovulation can be induced or monitored
However, doctors may recommend limiting IUI attempts and moving to IVF sooner if AMH is very low.
3. IVF Treatment (Often Recommended When AMH Is Low)
IVF is commonly recommended in low AMH cases because:
- It allows controlled stimulation
- Eggs can be retrieved even if the number is low
- Embryos can be created and stored
Doctors may customize IVF protocols to maximize egg yield and response.
4. Egg Freezing (Fertility Preservation)
For women not trying to conceive immediately, egg freezing may be recommended when AMH is declining but pregnancy is planned later.
Egg freezing helps preserve eggs at the current age and potentially supports future IVF.
5. Donor Egg (In Selected Cases)
Donor egg may be considered in some situations where ovarian reserve and egg quality are significantly compromised. This decision requires medical evaluation and counselling.
Can AMH Be Improved Naturally?
AMH generally reflects ovarian reserve and cannot be significantly increased through lifestyle changes alone.
However, healthy lifestyle habits may support overall reproductive health:
- Balanced nutrition
- Stress management
- Healthy BMI
- Avoiding smoking
- Treating thyroid or hormonal issues
Doctors focus more on optimizing treatment than “raising AMH.”
When Should You Test AMH?
AMH may be useful when:
- Trying for pregnancy for 6–12 months without success
- Planning pregnancy after age 30–35
- Experiencing irregular cycles
- Considering fertility preservation
Planning IVF or fertility treatment
Common Questions About IUI Success Rate (AEO Section)
Can I get pregnant naturally with low AMH?
Yes, some women with low AMH do conceive naturally, especially if they are younger and ovulating regularly.
Does low AMH mean early menopause?
Low AMH may be associated with reduced ovarian reserve, but it does not always predict the timing of menopause accurately.
Is AMH the only fertility test that matters?
No. AMH is only one part of fertility testing. Ovulation, tubal health, uterine health, and sperm quality are also important.
Does AMH predict egg quality?
AMH reflects egg quantity more than quality. Egg quality is more closely associated with age.
Conclusion
The AMH test is an important tool in fertility evaluation because it helps estimate ovarian reserve and guides fertility treatment planning. Low AMH can indicate reduced egg reserve, but it does not mean pregnancy is impossible. Doctors interpret AMH results alongside age, ultrasound findings, and other fertility tests to recommend appropriate options such as ovulation induction, IUI, IVF, or fertility preservation like egg freezing.
A fertility specialist can help you understand your AMH result, explain what it means for your personal fertility goals, and recommend a treatment plan that is safe, evidence-based, and time-sensitive when needed
Medical Disclaimer
This content is educational and not a substitute for personalized medical advice. If you have irregular cycles, pain, or concerns about ovulation, consult a qualified clinician. For tailored guidance in Mylapore or K. K. Nagar, contact Kanaa Fertility Centre.