Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCOS is a condition where cysts (small sacs of fluid) develop on the ovaries. PCOS can cause irregular menstruation (periods), and is a common cause of infertility, affecting as many as 5 million people. In addition to infertility, it is a lifelong condition that can have other impacts.
In PCOS, many small follicles contain immature eggs or follicles, which develop along the ovary’s outer rim. These follicles are commonly known as cysts. The failure of these follicles to regularly release eggs is a defining feature of PCOS.
It’s still challenging to define PCOS. but it can be identified early in the weight-management process, which may reduce the chance of long-term consequences including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) occur during the first menstrual cycle. However, it is not the familiar symptom to find at the later stage, following regular menstruation.
PCOS can vary significantly. A definitive diagnosis of PCOS is established when an individual face at least any two of the following symptoms:
Irregular menstrual cycles:
Irregular periods or cycles that are not in regular length and periods which lasted for extended duration . For example, A woman might have less than nine periods per year and longer than 35 days between them. These circumstances may make conception challenging.
Increased levels of androgen:
An increase in androgen hormone levels can result in the excessive growth of facial and body hair, a condition known as hirsutism. Male pattern baldness and severe acne can also be caused.
Polycystic ovaries:
The ovaries appear larger, with numerous follicles (containing immature eggs) developing around their edges. In which the ovaries may not function optimally.
Causes of PCOS
PCOS symptoms are more commonly observed in individuals rather than in those who are overweight. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but several factors may contribute to it, including:
Insulin resistance: This happens when cells don’t react well to insulin, a hormone that helps the body use sugar for energy. It can cause higher blood sugar and more insulin being made.
Overproduction of androgen: Androgen is an male hormone , when too much of insulin causes the ovaries to produce more androgen, it disrupts ovulation and leads to symptoms like dark skin patches, increased appetite, and weight gain.
Inflammation: A low-grade, long-term inflammation in the body can trigger the production of androgens in the ovaries, contributing to PCOS.
Genetics: PCOS has the evidence that certain genes may increase the risk of developing, and having a family history.
High androgen levels: The overproduction of androgen may be a symptom of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which can interfere with ovulation. The result of this could be abnormal egg development and release, exhibiting signs including excessive hair growth and acne.
How PCOS Affects Fertility
The infertility treatment rate is higher among women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) due to the substantial impact that hormonal abnormalities have on their ability to conceive.
It is difficult for women to conceive because the underlying cause of PCOS interferes with the regular ovulation process.
- Increased levels of androgens in the sex hormones.
- Development of small, painless, fluid-filled sacs within the ovaries.
- Increase in the thickness of the ovarian outer layer.
- High insulin levels within the bloodstream.
How can we help?
Diagnosis
Examine Carefully: Firstly, Fertility specialists for PCOS will do a thorough check-up, looking at things like facial hair, hair loss, acne, and skin changes.
Blood Tests: This includes tests for glucose tolerance, cholesterol, testosterone, FSH, LH, and AMH levels.
Pelvic Exam: This helps us find other reasons for bleeding and check your reproductive health.
Ultrasound: This helps us to look at your ovaries, uterus, and check for other problems.
Treatment Choices
At Kanaa Fertility Clinic, we focus on a complete approach to PCOS treatment:
Weight loss is the main treatment in PCOS as it improves the hormonal imbalance and decreases insulin resistance.
We will provide a range of medications and hormone therapy to assist in regulating your menstrual cycles.
Ovulation Induction For those trying to have a baby, we will provide ovulation induction to help you produce eggs.
Insulin Sensitizers Medications like Metformin can help manage blood sugar and improve fertility.
Lifestyle changes for fertility
To manage PCOS symptoms, you should aim to:
Maintain a healthy weight: Losing weight can reduce insulin and androgen levels, and will help with ovulation. Consider a weight-loss program with your doctor and work with a dietitian for support.
Reduce your intake of carbohydrates: High-carb diets can increase insulin levels. Discuss with your doctor if a low-carb diet could be beneficial for PCOS. Go for complex carbs found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans.
Exercise regularly: Physical activity can lower blood sugar levels and help prevent insulin resistance, a common issue with PCOS. It can also aid in weight management and diabetes prevention
Conclusion
Kanaa Fertility, Best clinic for fertility in Chennai, we help women with PCOS by diagnosing, offering personalised treatments, and suggesting lifestyle changes. Our goal is to treat PCOS and increase your chances of getting pregnant. We trust our knowledge and care to guide you through your fertility journey.
Dr B.Priya Kalyani
MBBS., DGO, DNB (OG)
Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist