Many couples try for a baby but struggle to conceive. In fact, 1 in 7 couples face infertility. In almost half of these cases, the problem comes from the male partner.
What is Male Infertility?
Male infertility means a man has trouble getting a woman pregnant, even after a year of regular, unprotected sex. It can happen due to low sperm count, poor sperm movement, or a blockage in the sperm’s path. Lifestyle, health issues, or environmental factors may also cause it.
Common Signs of Male Infertility
Most men do not notice any symptoms. But in some cases, these signs may appear:
- Trouble with ejaculation
- Low sex drive
- Pain or swelling in the testicles
- Small or soft testicles
- Reduced body or facial hair
- A lump in the testicle area
Top Causes of Male Infertility
Low Sperm Count
This is one of the most common causes. If sperm count is low, the chances of pregnancy can be lower.
Poor Sperm Movement
Sperm need to swim well to reach the egg. Poor movement or misshapen sperm can cause problems.
Varicocele
Varicocele is a swelling of veins in the scrotum. It affects sperm production. It is a common and treatable cause.
Hormone Problems
Hormones control sperm production. Issues with the pituitary gland, thyroid, or testicles can lead to infertility.
Infections
Some infections, like STIs or testicle inflammation, can damage sperm or block sperm flow.
Ejaculation Issues
In some men, semen flows backward into the bladder instead of out. This is called retrograde ejaculation.
Undescended Testicles
Sometimes, a baby boy’s testicles do not drop into the scrotum. This can affect sperm later in life.
Genetic Conditions
Some men are born with conditions like Klinefelter’s syndrome that affect sperm production.
Blockages in Tubes
Sperm must travel through tubes to mix with semen. Surgery, infections, or birth defects can block these paths.
Lifestyle and Environmental Causes
Heat Exposure: Hot baths, saunas, or tight underwear can heat the testicles and lower sperm count.
Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking lowers sperm count. Alcohol can harm the liver and reduce hormone levels.
Drug Use: Steroids and other drugs can shrink the testicles and reduce sperm. Marijuana and cocaine also hurt sperm health.
Obesity: Being overweight changes hormone levels. It can reduce sperm quality and quantity.
Chemical Exposure: Pesticides, heavy metals, or radiation can damage sperm. Long-term exposure is risky.
When to See an Infertility Specialist
Visit a doctor if:
- You haven’t had success after one year of trying
- You have erection or ejaculation problems
- You feel pain or find a lump in your testicles
- You had surgery in the groin or testicle area
- Your partner is over 35
Treatment Options:
Many causes of male infertility can be treated. Some common treatments include:
- Medicine to fix hormone problems or infections
- Lifestyle changes like losing weight, quitting smoking, or reducing alcohol
- Assisted reproduction, such as IUI or IVF
Final Thoughts
Male infertility can feel upsetting. But remember, many men go through this and find solutions. With the right help and treatment, pregnancy is possible. If you think something is wrong, talk to a fertility expert early.